CHARLES 11,
149
another, "The new one sat only one week, "The King saw that the
[eeling exeited by the calumnies of Vates and his suceessors had spent
its force,‘ Besides, he was now able to reign without a Parliament * He
had just concluded a new arrangement with Louis XIV., by which
he was to receive French gold to the amount of £50,000 per quarter.
23. During the agitations we have been relating, the terms WAiy and
Tory first came into use, The former was a name ÜrS, w ax
yiven to the Covenanters of Scotland, and afterwards Top
transferred to the party opposed to the Court in England. .
In like manner, Tory, the designation of a class of Irish bandits, was
brought over to England and applied to the friends of the Duke of
York.
24. Throughout the reign of Charles IT., affairs in Scotland were in
a troubled state. At an early period, the Karl of Lauder-
dale, nided by Sharp, Archbishop of St. Andrews, who Aare ID
had left the Preshyterian body, strenuously exerted him- “ .
self to re-establish Episcopacy in Scotland. The latter exeited so
much ill-feeling among the Covenanters, that a body of them attacked
and murdered him in 1679. "Then came a rebellion, which was gpeedily
suppressed by the Duke of Monmouth, Throughout all, however, the
zreat body of the people of Scotland steadily adhered to their national
erecd and ritual,
25, The dissolution of Charles’s last Parliament in 1681 was followed
by signs of a reaction in favor of the Court party.
Shaftesbury was tried for his alleged complicity in in
the“ Popish plot.” "The jury refused to find &% bill bury.
against him. "Then the King sought successfully to obtain
control of the sheriffs by whom juries were empanelled, by depriving
London and other towns of their charters, New ones, which always
were adapted to the royul necessities, could be obtained only by the
bayınent of a large sum of money. In this way the Court both en-
riched itself and increased its power. Unwilling to trust @ Jury
summoned under the new system, Shaftesbury effected an escape from
the Tower, and died two months after his arrival on the Continent.
26. The closing years of Charles’s reign were marked by several
plots more or less connected with one another. "The The Rye-
k0-Called “ Rye-House Plot” was a scheme formed by House Plot.
some desperate men to murder the King as he was Te-
tnrning from the Newmarket races, About the same time several
persons of greater eminence and better character were plotting to
dethrone Charles and put Monmouth in his stedd as King. Concerned
in the latter, besides Monmoauth himself, were Lord William Russell,
son of the Duke of Bedford; Algernen Sidney, a warm republican; &
grandson of John Hampden; and several others. Both plots were
detected: and st the trials of Russell and Sidney, the Crown lawyers
