16 SCALE OF MAPS LESSON XVII. | Suppose the map to be on the scale of 100 miles to an inch, x What is the distance from the eity to the hill? What, to the SCALE 0” MAPS: sreek? What, to the canal ? "To the railroad crossing ? To ‚he head of the lake? To the outlet of the lake? How far is it from ihe head of the lake to its outlet? From ihe head of the lake to the brook ? To TUE LEARNER.—In studying maps, you should en- deavor to learn the size or dimensions of different countries, and how kingdoms and states differ from each other in their extent. For example, you should know whether Switzer- land, in Europe, is larger or smaller ihan the state in which you live. | Let the pupil answer the above questions, supposing the nap to be on the scale of 50 miles to an inch ; 25 mıles to an inch; 200 miles, ete. In this way, better than any other, will he comprehend what is meant by the scales of maps. You should also learn from the maps the distances between places, the breadih of straits, channels, seas, etc. Thus, you should observe the distance between your town or city and the city of New York; ihe distance between New York and other large cities, etc. It would be well also to compare distances ; as, whether the distance between New York and Philadelphia is greater or less than that between London and Paris, or that between Paris and Rome. We wish to show you next how to compare the magni- ude of counıries represented on maps of different secales, 7 on 7 | You will ask how you can learn these things from the maps. We will tell you. On each map in this book you will see it stated on what scale it is drawn. Some of the maps are drawn on the scale of 100 geographical miles to an ınch. By this is meant that an ınch on the map represents a dıstance of 100 miles on the earth’s surface : and two cities which ure an inch apart on the map are distant from each other 100 miles; if they are two inches apart, they are dis- tant from each other 200 miles, etc. Oiher maps are on dif- ferent scales as 300 miles to an inch, 400 miles to an inch, 5600 miles to an inch, ete, CUT. You see here three maps of the State of Connecticut. The ;cales, on which they are drawn, are as follows: No. 1 ıs 50 Mınes TO An IncH, No. 2 ıs 100 MıLes TO An Incau. No. 3 ıs 200 MILES TO AN Inch. Now, if you will take an inch measure, like the one here shown, and apply it to a map, you can easily tell the dıs- tances between places. You see it is three inches long, and is divided into half inches and quarter inches, You should make one like it of white paper. You should here observe two things : First, The greater the zumber of miles to an inch, the smaller is the map; thus, No. 3, on the scale of 200 miles to an inch, is the smallest »f the three maps. Second, The map on the scale of 50 miles o an inch is more than twice as large as the one of 100 miles : £ıs nearly four times as large. — MEASURT Below is a map with the measure placed on it. We will ask a few questions, to familiarize you with the mode of finding distances. It is impossible to make all maps on the same scale ; but n order that you may easily learn. the dimensions of coun- ries, and compare them with other countries, we have taken ‘he pains to draw all the maps in this book on the scale of 50 miles to an inch, 100 miles, or some other easily compared aumber of geographical miles, The author would suggest to tenchers the utility of fre- quently exereising pupils on the maps in the manner above shown. It tends, specially, to render map studies more attractive, and, generally, to increase the pupıl’s mterest ın zeogrephy.