MAP DRAWING,
Divide the enclosed space, if possible, by lines of latitude
and lougtitude, a3 in the map you are about to copy,
If, owing to curvature, it bo found 00 diflieult to draw
;hese lines, the following method may be adopted,
Divide your model into
four equal parts by two lines,
ne drawn through the cen-
ire from N, to S., and one
through the centre from S.
;o W, Each of the four
üivisions thus formed may
be subdivided as often as
may seem necessary.—See
diagram.—Squares or spaces
measuring less than an inch
an the side are not desirable,
anless great accuracy be re-
quired, *
Proceed next to divide
your own work into the same number of squares or spaces,
210 matter upon what scale you havo sketched your border,
If, up to this point, the work has been performed cor-
‚ectly, you should now be prepared to draw the outline,
Beginning always towards the north-west corner (so that
you may be enabled to work from left to right and down-
wards), observe carefully the length and direction of that
portion of the outline in the first containing space, Imitate
this olosely on your own sheet, and proceed from space to
zpaco in the same way until the outline is completed.
5° Be sure that whatever you copy from the model is
inserted in a corresponding space in your own work,
Next, sketclhı the mountains, then £he lakes aud rivers,
and after these the township, county, provincial or county
boundaries, a8 the case may be.
From the beginning to this stage of progress every mark
should have been made faintly with a fine pointed pencil,
[f the lines are heavy or dark, it will ba diffeult to erase
;hem without leaving some traces,
The pencilled mountain onufline Pa Ve
ıhould be fringed with delicate radiations in ink, thus
Sea and lake margins may be dis-
äinguished by two or more lines drawn parallel to the coast
all round, but each at 2 slightly increased distance from the
other, outwards. See exnpansion of Ottawa River in the
first diagram.
It will now be in order to mark the positions of villagos,
towns and cities. The names of these places ghould, as a
rule, be in line with the parallels of latitude, Those of less
imnortanece should he in italies, as. Penetanquishene ; of
* Do obviate marking your copy with pencil, a frame of card-
board may be made the size of your model, Across this frame
strecch ihroade both ways at intervalsof an inch. Lay this over
she square map. Or, rule, with @ diamond, a pane of glass, into
3quare inches, blacken the lines, place over the model ruled ute
lown. and vroceed as directed abor9.
larger places in Roman, as Sarnin ; of cities in small capi-
tals, as mAMILTON; and of Government seats in larger capi-
tals, as TORONTO.
Names of rivers, small lakos, and low mountain rauges
are generally in italics ; but those of long and lofty moun-
tain ranges, of large lakes, and of seas, gulfs and important
bays are usually in italie eapitals, as HUDSON BAY, *
Names of countries, provinces or states, and counties,
zhould be inserted last, and in such a manner that, while
they follow the length of the country, etc. (whether horizon-
tally or ofherwise), they shall not interfere with names
already marked, Rule, in penecil, lines upon which to print
all the names, and when capitals are to be inserted rule two
parallel lines corresponding in distance apart to the height
of the proposed letters and in the direction of the name.
3pace all the letters carefully.
* Mix your colors by rubbing the end of the cake on the
bottom of a saucer upon which a little water has been
iropped, Lay them on evenly and thinly-—deep coloring
mars the appearance of a map. Do not attempt to color
;he whole of any division (as in the maps of this atlas) until
you have had considerable experience. Be content with
merely drawing a narrow stripe to mark the boundary, and
arrange so as not to have adjacent divisions of the same
solor. A faint blue stripe may be drawn round the coast
'n place of ink lines, 4
Be sure that all pencil marks are erased before coloring.
Let the name of the map be the last piece of lettering.
{mmediately benewth this give your name, ago (or date),
school and residence.
Preserve your work carefully ; you may be interested in
looking at it many years after you have left school,
Remember that when practising map-sketching for test-
legsons the objoct is to combine speed with general acouracy,
but in cartography the aim should be to attain, as noarly as
possible, absolute correspondence with tho model, To
zecomplish this much time will be required, so that amid
other and more pressing school duties, not more than one
highly finished map in a month should be attempted, unlesa
‘ndividual tastes and time encourage closer application to
work of this kind.
Simple sketching on slates and blackboard may be em-
ployed once or twice weekly, and if colored orayons be
used additional interest will be imparted to the exercise,
Occasional lessons may be given on the blackboard
by the teacher on the printed forms of letters, and on
mountain, river and coast markivgs,
#3 Bear in mind that evory engraved and printed map
was originally drawn by hand; there cannot, therefore, be
anything in a copy or model too difficult for close imitation,
or successful emulıtion, sooner or luter, in the canrse of
sareful and continued practice, .
Never say “I cau’t draw maps,” Every gcholar can
Araw. Do not allow repeated failures to discourage you.
“IJf nt first yon don’t succeed,
Mry. try, try again.”