MAP DRAWING, 
Divide the enclosed space, if possible, by lines of latitude 
and lougtitude, a3 in the map you are about to copy, 
If, owing to curvature, it bo found 00 diflieult to draw 
;hese lines, the following method may be adopted, 
Divide your model into 
four equal parts by two lines, 
ne drawn through the cen- 
ire from N, to S., and one 
through the centre from S. 
;o W, Each of the four 
üivisions thus formed may 
be subdivided as often as 
may seem necessary.—See 
diagram.—Squares or spaces 
measuring less than an inch 
an the side are not desirable, 
anless great accuracy be re- 
quired, * 
Proceed next to divide 
your own work into the same number of squares or spaces, 
210 matter upon what scale you havo sketched your border, 
If, up to this point, the work has been performed cor- 
‚ectly, you should now be prepared to draw the outline, 
Beginning always towards the north-west corner (so that 
you may be enabled to work from left to right and down- 
wards), observe carefully the length and direction of that 
portion of the outline in the first containing space, Imitate 
this olosely on your own sheet, and proceed from space to 
zpaco in the same way until the outline is completed. 
5° Be sure that whatever you copy from the model is 
inserted in a corresponding space in your own work, 
Next, sketclhı the mountains, then £he lakes aud rivers, 
and after these the township, county, provincial or county 
boundaries, a8 the case may be. 
From the beginning to this stage of progress every mark 
should have been made faintly with a fine pointed pencil, 
[f the lines are heavy or dark, it will ba diffeult to erase 
;hem without leaving some traces, 
The pencilled mountain onufline Pa Ve 
ıhould be fringed with delicate radiations in ink, thus 
Sea and lake margins may be dis- 
äinguished by two or more lines drawn parallel to the coast 
all round, but each at 2 slightly increased distance from the 
other, outwards. See exnpansion of Ottawa River in the 
first diagram. 
It will now be in order to mark the positions of villagos, 
towns and cities. The names of these places ghould, as a 
rule, be in line with the parallels of latitude, Those of less 
imnortanece should he in italies, as. Penetanquishene ; of 
* Do obviate marking your copy with pencil, a frame of card- 
board may be made the size of your model, Across this frame 
strecch ihroade both ways at intervalsof an inch. Lay this over 
she square map. Or, rule, with @ diamond, a pane of glass, into 
3quare inches, blacken the lines, place over the model ruled ute 
lown. and vroceed as directed abor9. 
larger places in Roman, as Sarnin ; of cities in small capi- 
tals, as mAMILTON; and of Government seats in larger capi- 
tals, as TORONTO. 
Names of rivers, small lakos, and low mountain rauges 
are generally in italics ; but those of long and lofty moun- 
tain ranges, of large lakes, and of seas, gulfs and important 
bays are usually in italie eapitals, as HUDSON BAY, * 
Names of countries, provinces or states, and counties, 
zhould be inserted last, and in such a manner that, while 
they follow the length of the country, etc. (whether horizon- 
tally or ofherwise), they shall not interfere with names 
already marked, Rule, in penecil, lines upon which to print 
all the names, and when capitals are to be inserted rule two 
parallel lines corresponding in distance apart to the height 
of the proposed letters and in the direction of the name. 
3pace all the letters carefully. 
* Mix your colors by rubbing the end of the cake on the 
bottom of a saucer upon which a little water has been 
iropped, Lay them on evenly and thinly-—deep coloring 
mars the appearance of a map. Do not attempt to color 
;he whole of any division (as in the maps of this atlas) until 
you have had considerable experience. Be content with 
merely drawing a narrow stripe to mark the boundary, and 
arrange so as not to have adjacent divisions of the same 
solor. A faint blue stripe may be drawn round the coast 
'n place of ink lines, 4 
Be sure that all pencil marks are erased before coloring. 
Let the name of the map be the last piece of lettering. 
{mmediately benewth this give your name, ago (or date), 
school and residence. 
Preserve your work carefully ; you may be interested in 
looking at it many years after you have left school, 
Remember that when practising map-sketching for test- 
legsons the objoct is to combine speed with general acouracy, 
but in cartography the aim should be to attain, as noarly as 
possible, absolute correspondence with tho model, To 
zecomplish this much time will be required, so that amid 
other and more pressing school duties, not more than one 
highly finished map in a month should be attempted, unlesa 
‘ndividual tastes and time encourage closer application to 
work of this kind. 
Simple sketching on slates and blackboard may be em- 
ployed once or twice weekly, and if colored orayons be 
used additional interest will be imparted to the exercise, 
Occasional lessons may be given on the blackboard 
by the teacher on the printed forms of letters, and on 
mountain, river and coast markivgs, 
#3 Bear in mind that evory engraved and printed map 
was originally drawn by hand; there cannot, therefore, be 
anything in a copy or model too difficult for close imitation, 
or successful emulıtion, sooner or luter, in the canrse of 
sareful and continued practice, . 
Never say “I cau’t draw maps,” Every gcholar can 
Araw. Do not allow repeated failures to discourage you. 
“IJf nt first yon don’t succeed, 
Mry. try, try again.”