OUTLINES OF GRAMMAR, 273 
has gone before, and which is called their ante- 
cedent—antecedent means gomg before. 
“The boy who was set to mind the sheep, 
which were feeding in the field, fell into the pond 
that was near the gate.” 
In this sentence, who relates to boy, which to 
sheep, and £hat to pond, 
Who has three cases, 
Who is nominative, 
Whose, possessive. 
Whom, objective. 
Who is of both genders, whsıch is of neither-« 
it is neuter, 
“The boy who laughed, whose bat is broken, 
and to whom I have given a ball.” These pro- 
nouns, who, whose, and whom, all relate to boy, 
boy is their antecedent, 
There is another class of pronouns which de- 
monstrate or point out the noun, and are there- 
fore called demonstrative pronouns, 
They are, £his, that, these, those. We say, fs 
book is small, {/hese oranges are ripe, fhat pen is 
bad, £hose books are torn. 
Who and which besides what, are used to ask 
questions. They are then called interrogative 
pronouns, 
Interrogative means asking questions. Who 
and which are then no longer relative pronouns, 
There are other pronouns besides these per- 
sonal, relative, interrogative, ‚and demonstrative 
pronouns, which you will learn hereafter. 
Nouns and pronouns are called parts of speech, 
All thewords weuse inspeaking have been divided