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SOUTH AMERICA.
| LESSON XCI.
VENEZUELA, NEW GRANADA, AND
EOUADOR.
LESSON XIII.
BOLIVIA.
1. VENEZUELA, New GrRANA’DA, and EcvADor'
formerly constituted the Republie of Colom’bia.
They became separate republies in 1831.
2. Venezue/’la is for the most part low and level; New
Grana’da and Ecuador’ are mountainous.
3. The climate is tropical in the plains, and cool and salu-
brious on the Andes,
4. The agricultural produce includes coffee, cocoa, cotton,
tobacco, indigo, and sugar. There are large herds of cattle
in all the states, and their hides supply an important article
of commerce.
5. Carac’as, the capital of Venezue/la, lies at a short
Jistance from the ehores of the Caribbean Sea, Boco'rTa,
the capital of New Grana/da, is situated 8,650 feet above
the sea-level. Quı'TO0, a fine and well-built city, and the
capital of Ecuador’, stands on a high plateau of the Andes,
at an altitude of 9,600 feet.
Questions.—1. What of Venezue’la, etc.? 2. Surface?
3. Climate? 4. Agricultural produce? Cattle? 5. Car.
acas, ete. ?
1. Borrv’1A is noted for its great variety of soil.
slimate, and productions.
2. The agrieultural products include the European grains
soffee, cocoa, tobacco, indigo, cotton, sugar, mandioc, batatas
zuavas, and many other fruits.
3. Among the mineral productions are gold, silver, mer-
zury, tin, and eopper, but many of the mines have long
since been exhausted, and few of them are at present worked
to any advantage,
4. Nearly three fourths of the population are Indians or
mixed races, The manufactures are prineipally coarse cot-
ton and woolen cloths, leather, ete,
5, Su’crE, formerly called Chuquisa’ca (gold place), lies
in @ fine valley, at an elevatıon of 9,300 feet above the sea,
Poto‘si was formerly celebrated for its rich mines of silver :
it stands at a height of 13,000 feet above the sea.
Questiong.—1. For what is Bolivia noted? 2. Agricul-
‚ural productions? 3. Minerals? 4. Population? Manu-
factures? 5. Su’ere? Poto/si?
LESSON XCIV.
CHILE.
LESSON XII. )
PENU.
1. Cum/z is a long and narrow country on the
western side of South America. "The Chil’ean
Andes, which bound it on the east, embrace the
highest summit on the western continent.
2. The surface is hilly, and ihe soil is rich, especially in
‚he southern half of the country. "The climate is temperalte
and healthy ; rains fall in the winter months from June to
September,
3. Agriculture and mining are extensively carried on in
Chile. Oxen are reared in immense numbers. Indian corn
‘is cultivated in the northern distriets, and wheat and barley
in the more southern tracts. Copper is the chief mineral.
and large quantities of it are exported,
4. SANTIA’GO is the capital. Valparai’so is the prineipal
sea-port of the country, and one of the most flourishing seats
of trade on the west coast of America.
5..Coquim’bo is a place of considerable trade, and exports a
zreat deal of the mineral produce, Concepeion’ has been re-
pentedly destroyed by earthquakes, Valdi’via is a small port.
Questions.—1. What is Chile? 2, Surface? Soil?
Climate? 3. Pursuits? Products? 4, Santıa’go? Val-
varai’so? 5, Coquim'’ha? Concepeion’? Valdi'via?
1. Prrv’ embraces three distinet regions—the
mountains, the hilly plane between the Andes
and the occan, and the great plains which extend
from the eastern slope of the Andes into the in:
terior of the continent.
2. The eclimate of the mountain region is cold, owing to
ıfs great elevation. Both here, and in the eastern plain, rains
are abundant; but along the whole line of the coast no rain
ever falls. KEarthquakes are frequent.
3, Peru’ is chiefly notecd for its mineral wealth. Exeept-
ing Mexico, it has produced more silver than any other coun-
try ın the world. At Huancaveli’ca, are vyaluable quicksilver
mines,
4. LI’MA, is a well-built eity, and contains the cathedra]
founded by Pizarro. Calla/o, its port, is strongly fortified,
Arequi’pa is a large town, on the western deeclivity of the
Andes, Cus’co is elevated 11,300 feet above the sea.
Questions.—1. What three regions does Peru’ embrace ?
2. Climate? Where does it rain, and where does rain never
fall? 3, Minerals? 4. Li’/ma. ete. ?
