INTRODUCTION. 
An Empire consists of several large countries united 
under the rule of one monarch, generally called an Em- 
peror. 
A Kingdom, or Monarchy, consists of one or more 
countries governed by a King or Queen. It is called a 
Limited Monarchy when the power of the king is re- 
3tricted by law, and no laws can be made without the 
consent of the representatives of the people; and an 
Absolute Monarchy when the will of the monarch is 
zupreme. 
Principalities, Grand Duchies, and Duchies are 
3mail States governed by a Prince, Grand Duke, or Duke. 
A Republic is a country governed by a ruler chosen by 
the people for a limited period, who is generally called a 
President. 
When a number of separate States or Provinces, each 
maintaining its own government and laws, unite for their 
common interests, and have one central and supreme gov- 
arument, it is called a Confederation. 
A Colony is a country colonized or settled by immi- 
grants from the parent State, 
A Dependenocy is a country subject to the government 
of another. 
States or Countries in Europe are commonly spoken of 
as Powers, and are graded into classes, according to their 
moral and political influence. The Five Great Powers 
of Europe are Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, 
and Austria. The Lesser Powers are ranked according 
to their geographical position and their military and 
yDolitical influenee. 
POPULATION AND RELIGION. 
The Population of the earth is estimated at about 1,434 
millions, divided as follows: 
Population. 
L00,500,000 
327, 750,000 
795,600, 000 
205,800,000 
4,250,000 
100.000 
— 41.434 000.000 
No. of persons 
to 8q. mile. 
America, 
Europe, , 
Asin, 
Africa, . 
Oceania, * 
Polar Regions, 
. 
81 
46 
1 
"Total. 
The Inhabitants are divided, according to their reli 
gious belief, into— 
Christians, 
Jews, . - 
Mohammedans 
Brahmins, , 
Buddhists, , * » 
“Jther Religions and Pagans, 
385,000,000 
8,000,000 
160,000,000 
200,000,000 
500,000.000 
181,000,000 
— 1.434.000.000 
Total.