3 
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 
The farmer, no longer content with doing things 
after the fashion of his ancestors a hundred years 
ago, is seeking the light of science and skilled 
experience to guide him into new and better ways, 
as regards soil culture, implements, fertilisers, seed, 
and breeds and care of stock in adaptation to 
purpose, 
The orchardist also is equally careful in the 
choice and culture of his fruit-trees, and in his 
efforts to avail himself of the most effertive means 
of fighting the great armies of pests that invade his 
archard. 
Mining.—The mining industry, too, has made a 
long stride forward within the past thirty years, 
This is shown most markedly in the output of coal, 
which has increased from 876,000 tons in the year 
1878 to 6,652,500 tons in 1908. 
Manufactures.—In many departments of manu- 
facture there has been great advance, KEspecially 
is this true in the iron works of the Dominion Iron 
and Steel Company in Sydney and of the Nova 
Scotia Steel and Coal Company in Sydney Mines 
and New Glasgow. These wealthy and enterprising 
companies are constantly adding to their plant and 
increasing its capacity, So as greatly to enlarge the 
output of their various products, In addition t%0 
the regular products of iron, the refuse slag of the 
furnaces at Sydney are now made to yield valuahle 
fertilisers and cement of excellent quality. 
Transport. — With the increase of products, 
facility of transport has kept pace. The railway 
mileage in the province has advanced from about 
350 miles in 1880 to 1350 miles in 1910. Nor has 
the limit of such provicica yet been reachel.