1569-80] THE TUDOR SOVEREIGNS
141
westwards across the Pacific, returning to England in
1580 by way of the Cape of Good Hope. He was thus
the first Englishman to make the eireuit of the globe.
No honour was too great for the successful navigator.
He was knighted, and Elizabeth herself attended a banquet
in her honour on board his ship. Philip, of course, was
furious and demanded the return of his treasure. But the
queen, after allowing Drake and his crew a liberal share, and
Accepting a portion for herself, stored the remainder in the
the Tower until she and Philip should have a settlement.
This settlement, however, was never made.
. 141. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.—From the
time that Mary had fled to England, she had been a con-
tinual source of trouble. The Duke of Norfolk, the head of
the Roman Catholic nobility of England, wished to marry
her, but his plan was discovered and he himself was Im-
prisoned. In 1569 a rebellion broke out in the north under
the Karls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. The rising
was unsuccessful; the two earls escaped to Scotland, but
Many of their followers were executed. In the next ycar,
Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, and absolved her
3ubjeets from their oath of allegiance. This made the
position of the loyal Roman Catholics exceedingly difficult;
If they remaincd loyal to their queen, they must bo disloyal
bO their church. The action of the Pope led to harsher
treatment of the Roman Catholies in England. In 1571
Parliament passed an Act declaring any one guilty of high
treason who attempted to deprive Elizabeth of her throne,
and a further Act prohibiting, under the severest penalties,
the introduction of papal bulls into England. But even
these stringent laws did not put a stop to the plots to place
Mary on the throne. After the failure of a plot in 1572,
the Duke of Norfolk, who was proven to have been con-
Serned in it, was executed.
In 1580 an attempt was made by the Jesuits, the great
Roman Catholie missionary organization, to win England
back to the ancient faith. Whether their aims were religious
Tr revolutionary, the government was too angry OT too
anxious to inquire. Thev were driven from the kingdom,
