DISTANCE ON MAPS AND GLOBES. 191 
Toward the right hand, along a parallel, is east; 
toward the left. west. 
ExXERCISE. — Turn to the hemisphere maps (pp. 194, 195). 
What continents are shown upon each? What oceans? Wind the 
equator; the meridians; the parallels. "I'race a line directly nortlı 
and south across the map. Trace a line directly east and west. 
In what direction is Europe from Asia? Asia from Australia? 
Africa from Europe? Australia from Europe? Africa from 
Asia? South America from North America? On p. 190 is a 
picture of the hemispheres: find in it the meridians; the paral- 
lels; the north pole; the south pole; the equator. Can you tell 
the names of the continents and oceans in the pieture ? 
IV.—DISTANCE ON MAPS AND GLOBES. 
Distance on maps and globes is shown by numbers upon 
the parallels and meridians. You know that along some 
railroads you see mileposts, from time to time, with num- 
bers upon them giving the distance in miles from some 
important place. 
But on globes and maps distances are marked in degrees, 
not miles. A degree (written 1°) is one three hundred and 
sixtieth part of the whole distance around the earth. De- 
grees north or south are always reckoned from the equator. 
Degrees east or west are reckoned from some meridian 
agreed upon, which is named the »rime meridian. 
Distance from the equator is called latitude, Places 
north of the equator are in north latitude ; those south. 
in south Jatitude, 
Distance from the prime meridian is called longitude, 
Places east of the prime meridian are in east longitude; 
those west, in west longitude,