160 
HISTORY OF ENGLAND 
[1625 
On the last day of the sixteenth century Elizabeth grantec 
a charter to‘ the “Company of London Merchants” for trade 
in the East Indies. The charter was renewed from time to 
time, and several voyages gave the company great profits. 
Finally, in 1612, the English obtained permission from the 
Great Mogul of India to open a warchouse at Surat on the 
west coast. This was the origin of Britain’s Indian empire. 
159. Ireland.—At the accession of James I, Ireland was 
settling down to some sort of order. The power of the 
chieftains was largely gone, and justice was everywhere ad- 
ministered in the name of the king. "The fear that they were 
to be deprived of their lands was the chief cause of a plot 
against James led by two Irish earls, Tyrone and Tyreonnel. 
The ecarls were convicted of treason, and fled from the 
country; a vast extent of land in the north of Ireland, was 
declared to be confiscated to the crown, and the land was 
divided up among English and Scottish Protestants. The 
native Irish had either to seek other homes or to remain as 
benants where they had formerly been owners. The new 
settlers soon: made Ulster a rich and prosperous district, 
but the hatred of the Irish for England was very much 
increased. 
SUMMARY 
When James came to the throne, Roman Catholics and Puritans each 
hoped for his favour, but his support was given to the Church of Eng- 
land. Puritan clergymen appealed for freedom in church ceremonies, 
but the only good result of the Hampton Court conference was a new 
Iranslation of the Bible. The discovery of the « Gunpowder Plot ” 
prevented the destruction of the king and of both Houses of Parliament. 
James attempted to govern as far as he could without a Parliament, and 
tried to arrange a marriage for his son with the Infanta of Spain. 
Raleigh was sacrificed to Spanish hatred. Settlements were founded in 
America and in India. James’s favourite idea was the “ divine right 
öf kings,” but his weakness and folly lessened the personal devotion that 
‘he nation had shown to the Tudors. 
Z, CHARLES I. 1625-1649 
160. Charles I and the “divine right.” —Charles was 
twenty-five years of age when he came to the throne. In