TI 
ENGLAND BECOMES THE MISTRESS OF THE SEAS 
The name of Raleigh stands highest among the statesmen of 
England who advanced the colonization of the 
United States. -—Georee Bancrolt 
13. The New World Claimed by Spain.—Thus far our story 
has been chiefly about Spain. It was Spain that sent out 
Columbus and Magellan; it was a Spaniard who stood in the 
waters of the Pacific and took possession of the great ocean in 
ihe name of the king; they were 
Spanish generals who conquered the 
West Indies, the greater part of South 
America, and Mexico; they were 
Spanish explorers who first made 
their way into the wild regions of 
North America. Spain thought the 
New World belonged entirely to her. 
She indeed agreed that Portugal 
might have Brazil,! but all the rest of 
South America and all of North 
America she claimed as her own. But her claims amounted to 
nothing unless she could defend them with her sword, and other 
Nations were already disputing them. 
14. England Claims a Part of the New World.— The coun- 
try that was to give Spain the most trouble in the New World 
The Line of Demarcation. 
1In 1494 Spain and Portugal, in accordance with the wishes of Pope 
Alexander VI, made a treaty agreeing that a meridian 370 leagues west 
of the Cape Verde Islands should be known as the “Line of Demarea- 
tion,” and that all “heathen lands” east of this line should belong to 
Portugal, while all “heathen lands” west of the line should belong to 
Spain. In 1500 Cabral, a Portuguese captain, started to India by the 
route round the Cape of Good Hope, but he swung too far westward 
and touched the coast of Brazil. Since the new-found land was east of 
the Line of Demarcation, Brazil wae claimed bv Portugal.